Albert Einstein
Early 20th Century Scientific Revolution • German-born (later Swiss and American)
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Albert Einstein was a theoretical physicist whose work transformed modern science. Born in Ulm, Germany, he developed the special theory of relativity in 1905 and the general theory of relativity in 1915, revolutionizing our understanding of space, time, gravity, and energy. His explanation of the photoelectric effect helped found quantum theory and earned him the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics. Beyond his scientific achievements, Einstein was known for his humanism, pacifism, opposition to totalitarianism, and support for civil rights. He combined deep physical intuition, imaginative thought experiments, and mathematical rigor with a playful sense of humor, intellectual humility, and a lifelong curiosity about the nature of reality.
